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A hands-on introduction to video technology: image, video, codec (av1, vp9, h265) and more (ffmpeg encoding). Translations: ๐บ๐ธ ๐จ๐ณ ๐ฏ๐ต ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ท๐บ ๐ง๐ท ๐ช๐ธ
| Date | Stars |
|---|---|
| 2026-07-24 | 16252 |
| 2026-07-25 | 16253 |
| 2026-07-28 | 16253 |
| 2026-07-30 | 16253 |
| 2026-08-06 | 16253 |
Today
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growth rate 0.00%/day
[๐บ๐ธ](/README.md "English")
[๐จ๐ณ](/README-cn.md "Simplified Chinese")
[๐ฏ๐ต](/README-ja.md "Japanese")
[๐ฎ๐น](/README-it.md "Italian")
[๐ฐ๐ท](/README-ko.md "Korean")
[๐ท๐บ](/README-ru.md "Russian")
[๐ง๐ท](/README-pt.md "Portuguese")
[๐ช๐ธ](/README-es.md "Spanish")
[](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD--3--Clause-blue.svg)
# Intro
A gentle introduction to video technology, although it's aimed at software developers / engineers, we want to make it easy **for anyone to learn**. This idea was born during a [mini workshop for newcomers to video technology](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/17Z31kEkl_NGJ0M66reqr9_uTG6tI5EDDVXpdPKVuIrs/edit#slide=id.p).
The goal is to introduce some digital video concepts with a **simple vocabulary, lots of visual elements and practical examples** when possible, and make this knowledge available everywhere. Please, feel free to send corrections, suggestions and improve it.
There will be **hands-on** sections which require you to have **docker installed** and this repository cloned.
```bash
git clone https://github.com/leandromoreira/digital_video_introduction.git
cd digital_video_introduction
./setup.sh
```
> **WARNING**: when you see a `./s/ffmpeg` or `./s/mediainfo` command, it means we're running a **containerized version** of that program, which already includes all the needed requirements.
All the **hands-on should be performed from the folder you cloned** this repository. For the **jupyter examples** you must start the server `./s/start_jupyter.sh` and copy the URL and use it in your browser.
# Changelog
* added DRM system
* released version 1.0.0
* added simplified Chinese translation
* added FFmpeg oscilloscope filter example
* added Brazilian Portuguese translation
* added Spanish translation
# Index
- [Intro](#intro)
- [Index](#index)
- [Basic terminology](#basic-terminology)
* [Other ways to encode a color image](#other-ways-to-encode-a-color-image)
* [Hands-on: play around with image and color](#hands-on-play-around-with-image-and-color)
* [DVD is DAR 4:3](#dvd-is-dar-43)
* [Hands-on: Check video properties](#hands-on-check-video-properties)
- [Redundancy removal](#redundancy-removal)
* [Colors, Luminance and our eyes](#colors-luminance-and-our-eyes)
+ [Color model](#color-model)
+ [Converting between YCbCr and RGB](#converting-between-ycbcr-and-rgb)
+ [Chroma subsampling](#chroma-subsampling)
+ [Hands-on: Check YCbCr histogram](#hands-on-check-ycbcr-histogram)
* [Frame types](#frame-types)
+ [I Frame (intra, keyframe)](#i-frame-intra-keyframe)
+ [P Frame (predicted)](#p-frame-predicted)
- [Hands-on: A video with a single I-frame](#hands-on-a-video-with-a-single-i-frame)
+ [B Frame (bi-predictive)](#b-frame-bi-predictive)
- [Hands-on: Compare videos with B-frame](#hands-on-compare-videos-with-b-frame)
+ [Summary](#summary)
* [Temporal redundancy (inter prediction)](#temporal-redundancy-inter-prediction)
- [Hands-on: See the motion vectors](#hands-on-see-the-motion-vectors)
* [Spatial redundancy (intra prediction)](#spatial-redundancy-intra-prediction)
- [Hands-on: Check intra predictions](#hands-on-check-intra-predictions)
- [How does a video codec work?](#how-does-a-video-codec-work)
* [What? Why? How?](#what-why-how)
* [History](#history)
+ [The birth of AV1](#the-birth-of-av1)
* [A generic codec](#a-generic-codec)
* [1st step - picture partitioning](#1st-step---picture-partitioning)
+ [Hands-on: Check partitions](#hands-on-check-partitions)
* [2nd step - predictions](#2nd-step---predictions)
* [3rd step - transform](#3rd-step---transform)
+ [Hands-on: throwing away different coefficients](#hands-on-throwing-away-different-coefficients)
* [4th step - quantization](#4th-step---quantization)
+ [Hands-on: quantization](#hands-on-quantization)
* [5th step - entropy coding](#5th-step---entropy-coding)
+ [VLExcerpt of 66,688 characters
Read on GitHub
Leandro Moreira ยท @Uber ยท Brazil
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Archimboldi Mao ยท China
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Emil Santurio ยท Qualabs ยท Uruguay
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Limin Wang ยท China
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NaLan ZeYu ยท China
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Lilian Besson ยท Lycรฉe Klรฉber | รducation Nationale ยท France
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Josรฉ Raimundo Barbosa ยท IFPB
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~kb ยท Australia
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Joรฃo Vieira ยท @printbear
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Matteo Contrini ยท @dmarcwise ยท Italy
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Jessy
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่ฎธๆๆถ ยท @taofed ยท China
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