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Pronunciation lexicon covering both English and Chinese languages for Automatic Speech Recognition.
| Date | Stars |
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| 2026-07-24 | 263 |
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# BigCiDian ## 1. Goal This project is an attempt to create a pronunciation lexicon covering both English and Chinese words *in a unified phoneset* for ASR applications. P.S. "CiDian" means "lexicon" in Chinese. typical use cases in Chinese ASR applications: ``` 你手机上都装了什么 APP ? APPLE 的新 MACBOOK PRO 真漂亮 上个月 PRADA 出了款新包包 手机开了 GPRS 导航 世界杯 H 组小组赛 ``` ## 2. Phoneset The unified phoneset should be a simple and precise phoneset that covers both languages. Note that the mapping listed below are heavily based on IPA. ### 2.1 English Phoneset Mapping English entries are derived from CMUDict 0.7b, hence we need a mapping from ARPA phoneset to target phoneset. |ARPA|IPA|CMUDict example entries| |-|-|-| |AA0 |a|icon:AY1 K AA0 N| |AA1 |a|heart: HH AA1 R T| |AA2 |a|kmart: K EY1 M AA2 R T| |AE0 |æ|romance: R OW1 M AE0 N S| |AE1 |æ|lambda: L AE1 M D AH0| |AE2 |æ|setback: S EH1 T B AE2 K| |AH0 |ə|station: S T EY1 SH AH0 N| |AH1 |ʌ|bug: B AH1 G| |AH2 |ʌ|haircut: HH EH1 R K AH2 T| |AO0 |ɔ|hongkong: HH AO1 NG K AO0 NG| |AO1 |ɔ|law: L AO1| |AO2 |ɔ|layoff: L EY1 AO2 F| |AW0 |au|foundation: F AW0 N D EY1 SH AH0 N| |AW1 |au|founder: F AW1 N D ER0| |AW2 |au|hometown: HH OW1 M T AW2 N| |AY0 |ai|hypothese: HH AY0 P AA1 TH AH0 S IY2 Z| |AY1 |ai|ice: AY1 S| |AY2 |ai|iceland: AY1 S L AH0 N D| |B |b|bike: B AY1 K| |CH |ch|chase: CH EY1 S| |D |d|desk: D EH1 S K| |DH |ð|those: DH OW1 Z| |EH0 |e|princess: P R IH1 N S EH0 S| |EH1 |e|professor: P R AH0 F EH1 S ER0| |EH2 |e|progress: P R AA1 G R EH2 S| |ER0 |ə r|programmer: P R OW1 G R AE2 M ER0| |ER1 |ə r|purge: P ER1 JH| |ER2 |ə r|showgirl: SH OW1 G ER2 L| |EY0 |ei|eighteen: EY0 T IY1 N| |EY1 |ei|email: IY0 M EY1 L| |EY2 |ei|thursday: TH ER1 Z D EY2| |F |f|face: F EY1 S| |G |g|give: G IH1 V| |HH |h|hey: HH EY1| |IH0 |i|facing: F EY1 S IH0 NG | |IH1 |i|fear: F IH1 R| |IH2 |i|fellowship: F EH1 L OW0 SH IH2 P| |IY0 |ii|email: IY0 M EY1 L| |IY1 |ii|prefix: P R IY1 F IH0 K S| |IY2 |ii|increase: IH1 N K R IY2 S| |JH |zh|gesture: JH EH1 S CH ER0| |K |k|cat: K AE1 T| |L |l|lack: L AE1 K| |M |m|may: M EY1| |N |n|no: N OW1| |NG |ŋ|thing: TH IH1 NG| |OW0 |əu|crypto: K R IH1 P T OW0| |OW1 |əu|token: T OW1 K AH0 N| |OW2 |əu|earphone: IH1 R F OW2 N| |OY0 |ɔi|invoice: IH1 N V OY0 S| |OY1 |ɔi|floyd: F L OY1 D| |OY2 |ɔi|episode: EH1 P IH0 S OW2 D| |P |p|pat: P AE1 T| |R |r|risk: R IH1 S K| |S |s|sing: S IH1 NG| |SH |sh|shake: SH EY1 K| |T |t|test: T EH1 S T| |TH |θ|think: TH IH1 NG K| |UH0 |u|fulfill: F UH0 L F IH1 L| |UH1 |u|full: F UH1 L| |UH2 |u|goodbye: G UH2 D B AY1| |UW0 |uu|rescue: R EH1 S K Y UW0| |UW1 |uu|fool: F UW1 L| |UW2 |uu|restroom: R EH1 S T R UW2 M| |V |v|very: V EH1 R IY0| |W |w|west: W EH1 S T| |Y |y|yes: Y EH1 S| |Z |z|zero: Z IY1 R OW0| |ZH |ʒ|illusion: IH2 L UW1 ZH AH0 N| *notes: If you find anything that doesn't make sense in the mapping table, please let me know, thanks* ### 2.2 Chinese PinYin Mapping Chinese entries are extracted from [DaCiDian project](https://github.com/aishell-foundation/DaCiDian) Here is a PinYin to IPA mapping from educational prospective: https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/pronunciation/Pinyin_chart With a few mapping modifications and symbolic adaptations, here is the final [PinYin to target phoneset mapping](/CN/pinyin_chart.csv) ### 2.3 tone There are normally 5 tones in Chinese PinYin system ranging from 0 ~ 4. However there is no tone definition in English. In BigCiDian, Chinese tonal information is retained and merged with untoned English, so the resulting phoneset may contain 6 tonal variation(1 from English and 5 from Chinese): ``` e.g. for phoneme *ai* 1. HI -> h ai 2. 哎 -> ai_0 3. 掰 -> b ai_1 4. 还 -> h ai_2 5. 凯 -> k ai_3 6. 外 -> w ai_4 ``` ### 2.4 the unified phoneset The final unified bi-lingual phoneset details are listed below: |phoneme|CN example|EN example| |-|-|-| |a|把 b a_3| AACHEN a k ə n| |æ||CAT k æ t| |ai|爱 ai_4| KITE k ai t| |an|安 an_1|| |aŋ|羊 y aŋ_2|| |au|老 l au_3| LOUD l au d| |b|白 b ai_2| BUT b ʌ t| |ch|陈 ch ən_2| CHEST ch e s t
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matched fp:04b59442b3e87c65, topic:speech-recognition, topic:asr, desc:speech recognition